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Abstract

Leishmaniasis is a parasitic disease that presents four main clinical syndromes: cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL), mucocutaneous leishmaniasis (MCL), visceral leishmaniasis/kala azar (VL), and post kala azar dermal leishmaniasis (PKDL). Causative Leishmania are protozoan parasites that are transmitted among mammalian hosts by phlebotomine sandflies. In mammalian hosts, parasite cells proliferate inside the host phagocytic cells as round amastigotes. Infection of sandflies with Leishmania occurs during insect feeding on infected mammalian hosts. After introduction into the insect gut together with the blood meal, Leishmania amastigotes transform into elongated flagellated promastigotes that propagate in the insect gut. A new round of infection is initiated after the infected sandfly takes a blood meal from a naïve mammalian host and introduces Leishmania parasites into the bite wound in the host dermis (Scheme 1). More than 20 different Leishmania species have been found to cause human leishmaniasis (Table 1).

Item Type:	Article
Date Deposited:	23 Nov 2017 00:45
Last Modified:	25 Jan 2019 00:46
URI:	https://oak.novartis.com/id/eprint/22201